Dongosolo lozizira lozizira la fan lonyowa ndi njira yozizirira yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kutchuka mu greenhouse yopanga maluwa, yochititsa chidwi komanso yoyenera kukula kwa mbewu. Kotero momwe mungakhazikitsire zimakupiza chonyowa nsalu yotchinga dongosolo mwanzeru pomanga duwa wowonjezera kutentha kupereka zonse sewero lake. Kodi kakulidwe ka maluwa kumathandizira kuti maluwawo azikula?

Mfundo yadongosolo

Choyamba, tiyeni timvetsetse mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya fan fan: pamene mpweya wotentha wakunja umayamwa kudzera pansalu yonyowa yodzaza ndi madzi, madzi pansalu yonyowa amatenga kutentha ndikutuluka nthunzi, motero kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya kulowa mu wowonjezera kutentha. . Kawirikawiri, chonyowa chophimba khoma wopangidwa ndi chonyowa PAD, njira yogawa madzi a pad chonyowa, mpope madzi ndi thanki madzi amamangidwa mosalekeza pamodzi khoma limodzi la wowonjezera kutentha, pamene mafani anaikira pa gable wina wa wowonjezera kutentha. . Chophimba chonyowacho chiyenera kukhala chonyowa kuti chitsirize kutsirizika kwa njira yoziziritsira mpweya. Malingana ndi kukula ndi dera la wowonjezera kutentha, chowotcha choyenera chikhoza kuikidwa pakhoma moyang'anizana ndi nsalu yonyowa kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino kudzera mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Zotsatira za kuziziritsa kwa evaporative zimagwirizana ndi kuuma kwa mpweya, ndiko kuti, kusiyana pakati pa kutentha kwa babu yonyowa ndi kutentha kwa babu youma kwa mpweya. Kusiyana pakati pa kutentha kwa babu youma ndi konyowa kwa mpweya kumasiyana osati kokha ndi malo ndi nyengo, komanso mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha. Ngakhale kutentha kwa babu mu greenhouse kumatha kusiyanasiyana mpaka 14°C, kutentha kwa babu kumasiyana ndi 1/3 yokha ya chinyezi chowuma. Chotsatira chake, dongosolo la evaporation limathabe kuziziritsa masana masana m'madera omwe ali ndi chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chimafunikanso kupanga greenhouse.

kusankha mfundo

Mfundo yosankhidwa ya kukula kwa pad wonyowa ndikuti dongosolo lonyowa la pad liyenera kukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna. Nthawi zambiri 10 cm wandiweyani kapena 15 masentimita wandiweyani wonyowa makatani nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa. Padi yokhuthala ya masentimita 10 yomwe ikuyenda pa liwiro la 76 m/min kupyola pa padiyo. Padi ya pepala yokhuthala masentimita 15 imafuna kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwa 122 m/min.

The makulidwe a chonyowa nsalu yotchinga kusankha sayenera kuganizira malo ndi nyengo ya malo, komanso mtunda pakati pa chonyowa nsalu yotchinga ndi zimakupiza mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi tilinazo maluwa maluwa kutentha. Ngati mtunda pakati pa fani ndi chinsalu chonyowa ndi chachikulu (nthawi zambiri choposa 32 metres), tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu yonyowa ya 15 cm; ngati maluwa olimidwa amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndipo samalekerera kutentha kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu yonyowa ya 15 cm. Chonyowa chophimba. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati mtunda wapakati pa chinsalu chonyowa ndi chowotcha mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi wochepa kapena maluwa sakukhudzidwa ndi kutentha, chinsalu chonyowa cha 10 cm chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuchokera kumalingaliro azachuma, mtengo wa chinsalu chonyowa cha masentimita 10 ndi wotsika kuposa chinsalu chonyowa cha 15 cm, chomwe ndi 2/3 yokha ya mtengo wake. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwake kwa mpweya wolowera pansalu yonyowa, kumakhala bwinoko. Chifukwa kukula kwa mpweya wolowetsa mpweya ndi wochepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa static kumawonjezeka, zomwe zidzachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya fani ndikuwonjezera mphamvu.

Njira zoyezera zida zoziziritsa ku greenhouses zachikhalidwe zamitundu yambiri:

1. Kufunika kwa mpweya wabwino wa wowonjezera kutentha = kutalika kwa wowonjezera kutentha × m'lifupi × 8cfm (Dziwani: cfm ndi gawo la kayendedwe ka mpweya, ndiko kuti, mapazi a cubic pa mphindi). Voliyumu ya mpweya wabwino pagawo lililonse la pansi liyenera kusinthidwa molingana ndi kutalika ndi mphamvu ya kuwala.

2. Yerekezerani gawo lofunika lonyowa nsalu yotchinga. Ngati chinsalu chonyowa cha masentimita 10 chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, malo a nsalu yonyowa = kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino wa wowonjezera kutentha / liwiro la mphepo 250. Ngati chinsalu chonyowa cha 15 cm chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, malo otchinga onyowa = kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira wa wowonjezera kutentha / liwiro la mphepo 400. Gawani malo owerengeka onyowa ndi kutalika kwa khoma lolowera mpweya lomwe limakutidwa ndi chonyowa kuti mupeze kutalika kwa pedi yonyowa. M'malo achinyezi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa fan ndi kukula kwa nsalu yonyowa kuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 20%. Malinga ndi mfundo yakuti mpweya wotentha uli mmwamba ndipo mpweya wozizira uli pansi, chinsalu chonyowa cha fan chiyenera kuikidwa pamwamba pa wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo momwemonso ndi nyumba zobiriwira zomwe zinamangidwa m'masiku oyambirira.

Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala kutsika pang'onopang'ono pakuyika makatani onyowa a fan m'malo obiriwira obiriwira. Tsopano pomanga greenhouse, nthawi zambiri 1/3 ya kutalika kwa fan imayikidwa pansi pa bedi, 2/3 pamwamba pa bedi, ndipo chinsalu chonyowa chimayikidwa 30 cm kuchokera pansi. Izi unsembe makamaka zochokera kubzala pa bedi pamwamba. Zopangidwira kutentha kwenikweni zimamveka ndi mbewu. Chifukwa ngakhale kutentha pamwamba pa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu, masamba a zomera sangamve, choncho zilibe kanthu. Palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zosafunikira kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa malo omwe zomera sizingakhudze. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chowotchacho chimayikidwa pansi pa mbeu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mizu ya zomera ikule.